Pain, Placebo, and Nocebo: Epistemic, Ethical, and Practical Issues

Pain, placebo, and nocebo: epistemic, ethical, and practical issues.

Nonconscious activation of placebo and nocebo pain responses.

The dominant theories of human placebo effects rely on a notion that consciously perceptible cues, such as verbal information or distinct stimuli in classical conditioning, provide signals that activate placebo effects. However, growing evidence suggest that behavior can be triggered by stimuli presented outside of conscious awareness. Here, we performed two experiments in which the responses t...

Placebo controls: scientific and ethical issues.

Placebo, nocebo, and learning mechanisms.

Recent substantial laboratory and theoretical research hints for different learning mechanisms regulating the formation of placebo and nocebo responses. Moreover, psychological and biological variants may play a role as modulators of learning mechanisms underlying placebo and nocebo responses. In this chapter, we present pioneering and recent human and nonhuman research that has impressively in...

E-Therapy: Practical, Ethical, and Legal Issues

E-therapy is a term that has been coined to describe the process of interacting with a therapist online in ongoing conversations over time when the client and counselor are in separate or remote locations and utilize electronic means to communicate with each other. It is a relatively new modality of assisting individuals resolve life and relationship issues. E-therapy utilizes the power and con...